![]() ![]() Results: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, 10 studies containing 1347 patients with available data on treatment outcomes were included. Secondary outcomes included age, total defibrillation attempts, emergency medical system arrival time, and dose of epinephrine and amiodarone used. Primary outcomes included the termination of RVF, prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and good neurological recovery. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Robins-I tool for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (ROB-2) tool for clinical trials. The study used random-effects and fixed-effects models for meta-analysis, which was reported by risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), mean difference (MD), or standardized mean difference (SMD). Studies included adult patients who developed RVF. Materials and methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to May 1, 2022. This review aims to compare the advantages of DSED with standard defibrillation in the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation. Introduction: Double sequential external defibrillation (DSED) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation has shown different results in comparison with standard defibrillation in the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF). 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.2Seven Section of Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.1Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China.Yongkai Li 1†‡, Xiaojing He 2†, Zhuanyun Li 3†, Dandan Li 1, Xin Yuan 1 and Jianzhong Yang 1*‡ ![]()
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